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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends a message to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters, chemicals. These chemicals must travel through a small gap that is called a synapse. Some ADHD medications boost the effectiveness of these messages. They can help neurons release more neurotransmitters, or slow down the reuptake process (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start ADHD patients with a low dose and monitor their response. They gradually increase the dosage to find the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that produces a clear improvement in symptoms and produces fewer adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate the first medication that doctors use to treat ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It increases the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in children's brains, which help them pay attention and stay focused. It also reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity of children. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken with a doctor’s supervision as it is a controlled substance. The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It is available in immediate-release tablets, chewable tablets, and capsules. Some versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener) which can be hazardous for people suffering from phenylketonuria, an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities. Tell your provider if you or your child have food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in parts of the brain, such as the nucleus accumbens as well as the brain's three networks that play an important role in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is among the most effective drugs for treating ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include headaches, nausea, sleepiness anxiety, agitation, the tics and agitation. These are rare however they can be serious. If they occur, you should call your doctor immediately. Inform your doctor of any heart disease, allergies, bipolar disorders, depression, other mental health conditions, glaucoma or seizures. Also, tell them whether your child or you have a history. It is essential to take methylphenidate exactly as recommended by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They can aid in focusing your mind and ignore distractions. They are among the most popular treatments for ADHD in children and adults. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be consumed orally or by injection. Some people are afflicted by the negative side effects of stimulant medication, like restlessness or difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Your doctor will be able to monitor the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some patients may need to take a mix of drugs to achieve the desired effect. The effects of stimulants are mediated by two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex. This is the brain region that helps regulate emotions and regulate your behavior. These medications are prescribed for a broad variety of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD and other disorders like bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in various forms, ranging from short-acting to long-acting, and are administered orally or by injection. Truck drivers, students and teenagers who require more energy to compete in endurance sports can abuse amphetamines. They can also cause psychological and physical problems if misused, especially with higher doses. Non-stimulant medications can also be effective for treating ADHD. These include atomoxetine, and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work on the same chemicals as stimulants, but are less likely to make the tics worse, which is a problem for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used to treat teenagers and children with ADHD. They can be consumed by mouth or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids, as well as pills that can be chewed or swallowed. They are typically only available with a prescription. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants have a rapid effect and last for 3 to 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce the need to fidget and interrupting, making it easier for you to complete your tasks. They can also improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. They can't correct the root issues that are the cause of ADHD. It's therefore important to utilize them in conjunction with behavior therapy. It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. They can make you drowsy or cranky, and they may interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually mild and disappear when the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor may recommend taking only a small amount at first and then increase it gradually. They'll monitor how the medication affects your child or you, and look for any problems. Finding the best medication for your child or yourself might take some time. It is best to be honest with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They may suggest a change in the frequency of medications that you or your child is taking or if a medication is required at any time. They will also want to know whether you or your child has any other medical or mental ailments. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemicals that are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). The use of stimulants is effective for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will work with you to figure out which kind of medication and dose is appropriate for you. It is possible to test several different types of medication before you discover the one that is suitable for you or your children. You can take stimulants that release immediately in liquid form or chewable tablets. These medications are quick-acting and last for three to four hours. There are some people who experience problems after the medication has worn off, which is called the “crash effect.” This typically results in an abrupt reduction in energy levels and can result in intense hunger. There are also long-acting stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine. These are a little more complicated and require prescription. They are injected into the bloodstream and then change from inactive to active in red blood cells. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will track how you respond to the medication and watch for problems like sleep issues. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medications. Never stop or alter your ADHD medications without first consulting your physician. Inform your doctor if you take any over-the counter medications or supplements, as some can interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medication is effective for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD, helping to cut the amount of hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, impulsivity, and fidgeting. They can also improve focus and help people finish their tasks and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. They can also trigger side effects such as the loss of appetite, insomnia and anxiety. They can also trigger stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases, helping to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. Most of these drugs begin to work within 30 to 60 minutes. They disappear after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used alone or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy. medications for adhd www.iampsychiatry.uk of these long-acting stimulants, including atomoxetine (Intuniv) and Guanfacine (Strattera) are able to last all night and the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill an afternoon trough, so that patients do not require an additional dose of medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants aren't able to increase dopamine levels to the same extent as intermediate- or short-acting drugs. However, they still increase dopamine levels significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as stimulants with shorter durations. Long-acting stimulants, due to the possibility of adverse effects they are typically prescribed as a secondary treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and older teens. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment option for some people with ADHD who haven't responded to other medications. Although medication can aid in improving self-control and concentration but it's not the only solution for those with ADHD. With the help of good sleeping habits, healthy diets and other self-help methods it's possible to reduce or even eliminate the requirement for ADHD medication.